Bugün öğrendim ki: Vatikan, 1849'da devrimcilerin Papa IX.

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Short-lived state entity declared on February 9, 1849 The **Roman Republic** ([Italian](/wiki/Italian_language "Italian language"): _Repubblica Romana_ ) was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the [Papal States](/wiki/Papal_States "Papal States") was temporarily replaced by a [republican](/wiki/Republicanism "Republicanism") government due to [Pope Pius IX](/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX "Pope Pius) IX")'s flight to [Gaeta](/wiki/Gaeta "Gaeta"). The republic was led by [Carlo Armellini](/wiki/Carlo_Armellini "Carlo Armellini"), [Giuseppe Mazzini](/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini "Giuseppe Mazzini"), and [Aurelio Saffi](/wiki/Aurelio_Saffi "Aurelio Saffi") . Together they formed a [triumvirate](/wiki/Triumvirate "Triumvirate"), a reflection of a form of government in the ancient [Roman Republic](/wiki/Roman_Republic "Roman Republic"). One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution; [freedom of religion](/wiki/Freedom_of_religion "Freedom of religion"), with [Pope Pius IX](/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX "Pope Pius IX") and his successors guaranteed the right to govern the [Catholic Church](/wiki /Catholic_Church "Catholic Church"). These religious freedoms were quite different from the situation under the preceding government, which allowed only [Catholicism](/wiki/Catholicism "Catholicism") and [Judaism](/wiki/Judaism "Judaism") to be practiced by its citizens. The Constitution of the Roman Republic was the first in the world to abolish [capital punishment](/wiki/Capital_punishment "Capital punishment") in its [constitutional law](/wiki/Constitutional_law "Constitutional law").[1]